使用C#的HttpWebRequest模拟登陆网站

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很久没有写新的东西了，今天在工作中遇到的一个问题，感觉很有用，有种想记下来的冲动。

这篇文章是有关模拟登录网站方面的。

实现步骤；

启用一个web会话
发送模拟数据请求（POST或者GET）
获取会话的CooKie 并根据该CooKie继续访问登录后的页面，获取后续访问的页面数据。

我们以登录人人网为例，首先需要分析人人网登录时POST的数据格式，这个可以通过IE9中只带的F12快捷键，调出开发人员工具。如下图：

通过开始捕获得到POST的地址和POST的数据

POST数据：

[email protected]&password=111&icode=&origURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2Fhome&domain=renren.com&key_id=1&_rtk=90484476

POST地址：

http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do

下面就是代码示例来得到登录后页面（http://guide.renren.com/guide）的数据

HTMLHelper类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;

namespace Test
{
public class HTMLHelper
    {
/// <summary>
/// 获取CooKie
/// </summary>
/// <param name="loginUrl"></param>
/// <param name="postdata"></param>
/// <param name="header"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static CookieContainer GetCooKie(string loginUrl, string postdata, HttpHeader header)
       {
           HttpWebRequest request = null;
           HttpWebResponse response = null;
try
           {
               CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
               request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(loginUrl);
               request.Method = header.method;
               request.ContentType = header.contentType;
byte[] postdatabyte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);
               request.ContentLength = postdatabyte.Length;
               request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
               request.CookieContainer = cc;
               request.KeepAlive = true;

//提交请求
               Stream stream;
               stream = request.GetRequestStream();
               stream.Write(postdatabyte, 0, postdatabyte.Length);
               stream.Close();

//接收响应
               response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
               response.Cookies = request.CookieContainer.GetCookies(request.RequestUri);

               CookieCollection cook = response.Cookies;
//Cookie字符串格式
string strcrook = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri);

return cc;
           }
catch (Exception ex)
           {

throw ex;
           }
       }

/// <summary>
/// 获取html
/// </summary>
/// <param name="getUrl"></param>
/// <param name="cookieContainer"></param>
/// <param name="header"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetHtml(string getUrl, CookieContainer cookieContainer,HttpHeader header)
       {
           Thread.Sleep(1000);
           HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = null;
           HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = null;
try
           {
               httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(getUrl);
               httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
               httpWebRequest.ContentType = header.contentType;
               httpWebRequest.ServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = header.maxTry;
               httpWebRequest.Referer = getUrl;
               httpWebRequest.Accept = header.accept;
               httpWebRequest.UserAgent = header.userAgent;
               httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
               httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
               Stream responseStream = httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
               StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string html = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
               streamReader.Close();
               responseStream.Close();
               httpWebRequest.Abort();
               httpWebResponse.Close();
return html;
           }
catch (Exception e)
           {
if (httpWebRequest != null) httpWebRequest.Abort();
if (httpWebResponse != null) httpWebResponse.Close();
return string.Empty;
           }
       }
    }

public class HttpHeader
   {
public string contentType { get; set; }

public string accept { get; set; }

public string userAgent { get; set; }

public string method{get;set;}

public int maxTry { get; set; }
   }
}

测试用例：

  HttpHeader header = new HttpHeader();
                header.accept = "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, application/x-silverlight-2-b1, */*";
                header.contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
                header.method = "POST";
                header.userAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022)";
                header.maxTry = 300;

string html = HTMLHelper.GetHtml("http://guide.renren.com/guide", HTMLHelper.GetCooKie("http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do",
"[email protected]&password=111&icode=&origURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2Fhome&domain=renren.com&key_id=1&_rtk=90484476", header), header);

                Console.WriteLine(html);


               Console.ReadLine();

上一篇文章中我们讲了，如何采用程序模拟登录网站，并获取登录后网站的内容，今天在此基础上继续将，通过程序登录了网站后而直接进入登录后的页面。

首先还是发起一个启用一个web会话，然后发送模拟数据请求，获取会话的CooKie，再根据该CooKie将其写入到本地，通过程序直接打开登录后的页面。

该功能可用于无法修改第三方系统源代码而要做系统单点登录。

我们先在HTMLHelper类中添加一个方法：

 1 /// <summary>
 2 /// 获取CookieCollection
 3 /// </summary>
 4 /// <param name="loginUrl"></param>
 5 /// <param name="postdata"></param>
 6 /// <param name="header"></param>
 7 /// <returns></returns>
 8        public static CookieCollection GetCookieCollection(string loginUrl, string postdata, HttpHeader header)
 9        {
10            HttpWebRequest request = null;
11            HttpWebResponse response = null;
12            try
13            {
14                CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
15                request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(loginUrl);
16                request.Method = header.method;
17                request.ContentType = header.contentType;
18                byte[] postdatabyte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);
19                request.ContentLength = postdatabyte.Length;
20                request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
21                request.CookieContainer = cc;
22                request.KeepAlive = true;
23 
24                //提交请求
25                Stream stream;
26                stream = request.GetRequestStream();
27                stream.Write(postdatabyte, 0, postdatabyte.Length);
28                stream.Close();
29 
30                //接收响应
31                response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
32                response.Cookies = request.CookieContainer.GetCookies(request.RequestUri);
33 
34                CookieCollection cook = response.Cookies;
35                //Cookie字符串格式
36                string strcrook = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri);
37 
38                return cook;
39            }
40            catch (Exception ex)
41            {
42 
43                throw ex;
44            }
45        }

再根据获取的CookieCollection写入本地，并打开登录后的页面

 1   [DllImport("wininet.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
 2 
 3         public static extern bool InternetSetCookie(string lpszUrlName, string lbszCookieName, string lpszCookieData);
 4 
 5 
 6   HttpHeader header = new HttpHeader();
 7                 header.accept = "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, application/x-silverlight-2-b1, */*";
 8                 header.contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 9                 header.method = "POST";
10                 header.userAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022)";
11                 header.maxTry = 300;
12 
13 
14  CookieCollection mycookie = HTMLHelper.GetCookieCollection("http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do",
15                     "email=aaa%40163.com&password=111&icode=&origURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2Fhome&domain=renren.com&key_id=1&_rtk=90484476", header);
16 
17 
18  foreach (Cookie cookie in mycookie) //将cookie设置为浏览的cookie  
19                 {
20 
21                     InternetSetCookie(
22 
23                          "http://" + cookie.Domain.ToString(),
24 
25                          cookie.Name.ToString(),
26 
27                          cookie.Value.ToString() + ";expires=Sun,22-Feb-2099 00:00:00 GMT");
28 
29                 }
30                 System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("http://guide.renren.com/guide");

这样即可直接通过程序打开登录后的页面：